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Isabel Allende (; born 2 August 1942) is a Chilean-American writer.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Isabel Allende: "Big Think Interview with Isabel Allende" June 16, 2010" )〕〔(Isabel Allende: "¡Escribo bien! Por lo menos admítanme eso" ) Emol, 17 December 2009 ''Vengo a Chile por lo menos tres veces al año, me comunico con Chile todos los días a través de Skype con mi mamá, estoy enterada de lo que pasa y cuando me preguntan 'qué eres' digo automáticamente 'chilena'. Vivo en América, pero me siento profundamente chilena en la manera de vivir, de ser: soy mandona, metete, dominante, intrusa, hospitalaria, tribal.'' (Isabel Allende)〕 Allende, whose works sometimes contain aspects of the "magic realist" tradition, is famous for novels such as ''The House of the Spirits'' (''La casa de los espíritus'', 1982) and ''City of the Beasts'' (''La ciudad de las bestias'', 2002), which have been commercially successful. Allende has been called "the world's most widely read Spanish-language author".〔(''Isabel Allende Named to Council of Cervantes Institute.'' Latin American Herald Tribune. 23 October 2009 )〕 In 2004, Allende was inducted into the American Academy of Arts and Letters, and in 2010, she received Chile's National Literature Prize. President Barack Obama awarded her the 2014 Presidential Medal of Freedom. Allende's novels are often based upon her personal experience and pay homage to the lives of women, while weaving together elements of myth and realism. She has lectured and toured many American colleges to teach literature. Fluent in English as a second language, Allende was granted American citizenship in 1993, having lived in California with her American husband since 1989. == Biography == Allende was born Isabel Allende Llona in Lima, Peru, the daughter of Francisca Llona Bars and Tomás Allende, who was at the time a second secretary at the Chilean embassy. Her father was a first cousin of Salvador Allende, President of Chile from 1970 to 1973; thus the former head of state is her first cousin once removed.〔''Review: The undefeated: A life in writing: Often compared to Gabriel García Márquez, Isabel Allende is more interested in telling stories about her own life, her difficult upbringing, marriage and her daughter's death.'' Aida Edemariam. ''The Guardian'' (London) – Final Edition. GUARDIAN REVIEW PAGES; Pg. 11. 28 April 2007 (Isabel Allende website )〕〔Shirley Christian, ''Santiago Journal; Allende's Widow Meditates Anew on a Day in '73'', ''The New York Times''. Section A; Page 4, Column 3; Foreign Atlas. 5 June 1990〕〔Veronica Ross, ''Sewing didn't cut it for Inés'', ''Guelph Mercury'' (Ontario, Canada). BOOKS; Pg. C5. 3 March 2007〕 Many sources cite Allende as being Salvador Allende's niece (without specifying that the relationship is that Tomas and Salvador are cousins);〔''International: Chilean government rejects state funeral for Pinochet as thousands queue to pay respects: Body to be cremated amid fears of attacks on tomb: Capital quiet after victory parade turns into a riot.'' Jonathan Franklin, Santiago. ''The Guardian'' (London). GUARDIAN INTERNATIONAL PAGES; Pg. 14. 12 December 2006〕 the confusion stems from Allende herself often referring to Salvador as her "'uncle" (''tío'') in her private life and public interviews.〔(''Isabel Allende: A Critical Companion.'' ) Karen Castellucci Cox; Greenwood Press, 2003. 184 pgs. p. 2-4.〕 This is because in Spanish a "first cousin once removed" is translated as "second degree uncle" (''tío en segundo grado''). In 1945, after Tomás had disappeared,〔 Isabel's mother relocated with her three children to Santiago, Chile, where they lived until 1953.〔(Mirta Ojito, ''A Writer's Heartbeats Answer Two Calls.'' 28 July 2003. ''The New York Times'' ) The article notes that Allende has been told that her father left them and that due to Chile's anti-divorce laws, it was impossible for Allende's mother to divorce Tomás. Her mother, 69 when the article was published, and her stepfather, 87 at the time, have lived together for 57 years, but they are still not recognized in Chile as married.〕〔(Isabel Allende website )〕 Between 1953 and 1958, Allende's mother married Ramón Huidobro and moved often. Huidobro was a diplomat appointed to Bolivia and Beirut. In Bolivia, Allende attended an American private school; and in Beirut, Lebanon she attended an English private school. The family returned to Chile in 1958. Allende was also briefly home-schooled. In her youth, she read widely, particularly the works of William Shakespeare. In 1970, Salvador Allende appointed Huidobro as ambassador to Argentina.〔 While living in Chile, Allende finished her secondary studies and met engineering student Miguel Frías whom she married in 1962.〔 Reportedly, "Allende married early, into an Anglophile family and a kind of double life: at home she was the obedient wife and mother of two; in public she became, after a spell translating Barbara Cartland, a moderately well-known TV personality, a dramatist and a journalist on a feminist magazine."〔 From 1959 to 1965, Allende worked with the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization in Santiago, Chile, then in Brussels, Belgium, and elsewhere in Europe. For a brief while in Chile, she also had a job translating romance novels from English to Spanish.〔 However, she was fired for making unauthorized changes to the dialogue of the heroines to make them sound more intelligent as well as altering the Cinderella endings to let the heroines find more independence and do good in the world.〔Alexandra Alter, ''Isabel Allende on Superstition and Memory.'' The Wall Street Journal, p. W4, 23 April 2010. "...she often changed the dialogue and endings to make the heroines seem smarter."〕 Allende and Frías's daughter Paula was born in 1963. In 1966, Allende again returned to Chile and her son Nicolás was born there that year. Reportedly, "the CIA-backed military coup in September 1973 (that brought Augusto Pinochet to power) changed everything" for Allende because "her name meant she was caught up in finding safe passage for those on the wanted lists" (helping until her mother and stepfather, a diplomat in Argentina, narrowly escaped assassination). When she herself was added to the list and began receiving death threats, she fled to Venezuela, where she stayed for 13 years.〔〔(''A Writer's Heartbeats Answer Two Calls.'' The New York Times. 28 July 2003 ) The New York Times article notes that she left Chile in 1975.〕 In Venezuela she was a columnist for ''El Nacional'', a main newspaper. In 1978, she began a temporary separation from Miguel Frías. She lived in Spain for two months, then returned to her marriage.〔(Isabel Allende website )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Isabel Allende」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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